“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与萝卜蚜有翅率的关系

通过对Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ不同施肥条件下的“秦油２号”油菜植株内含物等与萝卜蚜有翅率关系的研究,建立了８个数学模型,结果表明可溶性糖、总Ｎ、糖与蛋白质之比和丝氨酸与萝卜蚜有翅率有密切关系,其次是天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、含水量、水溶性蛋白、酰胺氮和含Ｐ量等．     

山楂叶螨种群空间格局及其应用的研究Ⅱ．成螨种群密度综合估计及其抽样技术

本文结合Ｉｗａｏ零频率法和Ｇｅｒｒａｒｄ阈限密度法,提出一种改进的种群密度估计方法──“综合阈限密度估计法”,并由此探讨了苹果树上山楂叶螨成螨的密度估计及其抽样技术．采用零样频率来估计成螨的平均密度,并得到用概率保证的理论抽样数模型．比较结果表明,零频率法所需的理论抽样数少于直接计数法．综合阈限密度估计法的拟合效果更为显著．     

岩豆凝集素的圆二色性与生物学活性关系的研究

岩豆凝集素（ＭＤＬ）的远紫外圆二色性谱（ＣＤ谱）显示２１６－２１７ｎｍ处的单一负峰。此时ＭＤＬ分子含有１６．２％的α螺旋,４６．３％的β折叠和３７．５％的无规卷曲。ｐＨ９．０时负峰红移至２２０ｎｍ,且在２１７－２２２ｎｍ处的峰值几乎相同;在２０－４０℃范围内,ＣＤ谱的变化甚微;６０℃时谱峰蓝移;在８０℃或１００℃时,２１２ｎｍ处出现一大负峰。１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ或２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ脲时,ＭＤＬ的ＣＤ谱已发生明显变化,二级结构单元也有变化,凝集兔红细胞的活性也随之减弱;随脲浓度的增加,ＭＤＬ的谱峰蓝移,最终在２１２ｎｍ处出现大负峰。当胍浓度为０．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,ＭＤＬ的ＣＤ谱即有明显变化和活性丧失;胍浓度继续增加,ＣＤ谱逐渐成为特征的无规卷曲的谱形。在ｐＨ９．０、温度超过８０℃、脲或胍浓度分别高于２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和０．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,ＭＤＬ的ＣＤ谱发生显著变化的同时,其凝集兔红细胞的生物学活性全部丧失,分子的二级结构单元也发生很大改变。     

广西HBsAg阳性母亲的胎儿肝、肾细胞中乙肝病毒DNA存在状态的研究

采用核酸分子杂交Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法,以３２Ｐ标记的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ为探针,检测ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性母亲引产的４０例胎儿的肝、肾组织。结果有２例胎肝和１例胎肾细胞ＤＮＡ出现大于３．２ｋｂ的杂交带,表明ＨＢＶＤＮＡ已处于整合状态。胎肾细胞基因组中查出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ整合为首次报道。     

黄花棘豆的喹诺里西定生物碱

豆科棘豆属有毒植物含多种有毒生物碱,有关棘豆属中生物碱成分的研究,早在1929年Couch由兰伯氏棘豆(Oxytropis lambertii DC.)中分离到一种多羟基化的含氮有机化合物,这是最早报道由棘豆属植物中分离出的生物碱成分,由于当时条件限制未能确定其结构。1982年美国农业部西部研究中心的植物化学家Molyneux从绢毛棘豆(Oxytropis sericea)中分离到苦马豆碱(swainsonine)等吲哚里西定生物碱(indolizidinealkaloids);1989年沈阳药学院于荣敏等由小花棘豆(Oxytropis glabra DC.)中分离出多种喹诺里西定生物碱。喹诺里西定生物碱具有多种生理活性,对试验动物中枢神经系统产生抑制,呼吸抑制或兴奋,致幻、流产和致畸等作用。本文报道由黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge)中测得4种喹诺里西定生物碱。     

四种主要大豆食叶害虫种群空间分布型及其应用研究

通过分层随机与连片调查获得114个样本．利用微机分别对豆天蛾卵和豆天蛾．银纹夜蛾．棉铃虫．豆灰蝶及混合种群的幼虫．进行了4种频次分布型检验和6项聚集度指标的测定．结果表明．上述害虫在豆田内均属零集分布．中分析了聚集原因．提出了“Z”字型10样点,每样点以1／3m双行为单位的抽样方法．确立了在两种允许误差下的抽样数量．进行了序贯抽样分析。     

Site and mechanism of behavioral tolerance to cocaine: A study of dopamine release in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats received i.v. infusions of cocaine hydrochloride (60 mg/kg per day) for 3, 7, and 14 days, or saline for 7 days. Acute cocaine challenge (40 mg/kg, s.c.) was given to treated and control rats 24 hr after the termination of each infusion period. There were no strain differences in brain levels of cocaine during cocaine infusion, nor after cocaine challenges. There were no strain differences in resting levels of [³H]dopamine release. Release of [³H]dopamine decreased in nuclei accumbens of 7- and 14-day cocaine-infused animals. Release of [³H]dopamine was maximal in both brain regions 2 hr after acute cocaine challenge. After 14 days of cocaine infusion, cocaine challenge in both strains reduced [³H]dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the striatum; the reduction being greater in Wistar-Kyoto rats. The behavioral tolerance which accompanies similar cocaine infusion regimens may be related to striatal tolerance to cocaine-induced dopamine release.     

TaTPP-7A positively feedback regulates grain filling and wheat grain yield through T6P-SnRK1 signalling pathway and sugar–ABA interaction

Grain size and filling are two key determinants of grain thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and crop yield, therefore they have undergone strong selection since cereal was domesticated. Genetic dissection of the two traits will improve yield potential in crops. A quantitative trait locus significantly associated with wheat grain TKW was detected on chromosome 7AS flanked by a simple sequence repeat marker of Wmc17 in Chinese wheat 262 mini-core collection by genome-wide association study. Combined with the bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) analysis of an F₂ genetic segregation population with extremely different TKW traits, a candidate trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene located at 135.0 Mb (CS V1.0), designated as TaTPP-7A, was identified. This gene was specifically expressed in developing grains and strongly influenced grain filling and size. Overexpression (OE) of TaTPP-7A in wheat enhanced grain TKW and wheat yield greatly. Detailed analysis revealed that OE of TaTPP-7A significantly increased the expression levels of starch synthesis- and senescence-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene pathways. Moreover, most of the sucrose metabolism and starch regulation-related genes were potentially regulated by SnRK1. In addition, TaTPP-7A is a crucial domestication- and breeding-targeted gene and it feedback regulates sucrose lysis, flux, and utilization in the grain endosperm mainly through the T6P-SnRK1 pathway and sugar–ABA interaction. Thus, we confirmed the T6P signalling pathway as the central regulatory system for sucrose allocation and source–sink interactions in wheat grains and propose that the trehalose pathway components have great potential to increase yields in cereal crops.     

1981—2018年新疆草地归一化植被指数时空特征及其对气候变化的响应

在新疆开展长时间序列的草地监测,分析草地生长的时空变化特征,有利于草地环境压力分析和草地生态健康预测。以NOAA-AVHRR NDVI为数据源,采用最大值合成、一元回归分析与相关性分析,分别在年际尺度和多个空间尺度(全疆、南北疆与各地区及其11种草地类型)上探讨了1981—2018年新疆草地归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空特征及其对气温、降水的响应。结果表明：(1)1981—2018年,新疆草地NDVI多年均值0.326,变化范围0.259—0.386,具有轻微年际波动特征;(2)北疆、南疆草地NDVI均表现为轻微增加趋势;全疆占草地总面积41%的区域NDVI呈显著增加趋势,9%为显著减少区域,北疆草地NDVI显著增加的面积是南疆的1.7倍;(3)由于垂直地带性及区域差异,新疆草地NDVI由山区向盆地的荒漠降低;北疆草地NDVI是南疆1.4倍,总体上北疆各地区草地NDVI高于南疆各地区;(4)草地类型植被NDVI对降水的显著响应高于气温,其中温性荒漠类、温性荒漠草原类与温性草原类草地NDVI对降水变化的响应明显高于其余草地类型,降水对草地NDVI的影响更为显著,表明降水引起的地表水分变化...